Universal to all civil construction, whether the project involves coastal protection, environmental restoration or land development, obtaining appropriate and detailed soil and bedrock information is vital to reducing the unforeseen conditions specific to earthwork and foundation construction. Princeton Hydro’s geotechnical engineers have the essential skills necessary to design comprehensive, yet cost effective subsurface investigations. Our investigations can reveal subsurface site constraints including uncontrolled fill, buried municipal waste, compressive organic deposits, bedrock, karst geology, and groundwater. Through a combination of traditional direct investigation techniques such as the Standard Penetration Test, rock coring, and open pit excavations (test pits), and non-intrusive technology such as geophysical surveying, the engineers at Princeton Hydro can obtain site specific information and develop parameters for the purpose of determining foundation types and construction techniques. Princeton Hydro usually follows-up its investigations with observation services during construction to ensure adherence to our design recommendations as well as assist the project owner or contractor in the event actual conditions warrant changes to design or construction approach.